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The very considerable success of the Vickers Viscount in airline service was due to the smoothness, economy and reliability of its turbine engines. In one enormous leap it had raised cruising speed almost 100% by comparison with the piston-engined Vickers Viking; it carried two or three times as many passengers (according to type) and offered increased range. In early 1953, not long after the Viscount entered service with British European Airways (BEA), discussions began to initiate the design of a successor. Both BEA and Trans-Canada Airlines were interested in a generally similar aircraft; compromise in design to satisfy the views of these two operators resulted in the low-wing configuration and 'double-bubble' fuselage to provide a large underfloor cargo hold beneath the main cabin.
The power plant considered originally for inclusion in the design was the Rolls-Royce Dart. But Rolls-Royce intimated that development of a new engine, the RB.109, was then well under way and it (later known as the Tyne) was chosen to power this new transport. Construction was entirely conventional except for the wing, which introduced integrally machined skins of light alloy to provide spanwise stiffening at low cost, and three shear webs instead of the single spar in the Viscount wing. When tied together by closely spaced ribs it produced a rigid box structure and outboard of the centre-section it was sealed to form integral fuel tanks.
First flight of the prototype Vanguard, as the new aircraft had been named, was made on 20 January 1959. But because of the normal development programme of a new civil airliner - coupled with delays caused by problems with the new power plant - it was not until 1 February 1961 and 1 March 1961 that these aircraft began regular service with Trans-Canada Airlines and BEA respectively. By then this and other second-generation turboprop-powered airliners had been deposed by the development and introduction into service of economical turbojet-powered airliners such as the Boeing Model 707. Consequently production ended after the original orders had been completed: 20 for BEA and 23 for Trans-Canada Airlines.
On 10 October 1969 the first of nine freighter conversions of the Vanguard, called Merchantman, was flown for BEA.
 | A three-view drawing (900 x 612) |
| MODEL | Type 952 "Vanguard" |
| CREW | 2-3 |
| PASSENGERS | 97-139 |
| ENGINE | 4 x Rolls-Royce Tyne RTy.11 Mk 512 turbo-prop, 4135kW |
| WEIGHTS |
| Take-off weight | 63977 kg | 141046 lb |
| Empty weight | 37421 kg | 82500 lb |
| DIMENSIONS |
| Wingspan | 36.14 m | 119 ft 7 in |
| Length | 37.45 m | 123 ft 10 in |
| Height | 10.64 m | 35 ft 11 in |
| Wing area | 141.86 m2 | 1526.97 sq ft |
| PERFORMANCE |
| Cruise speed | 684 km/h | 425 mph |
| Ceiling | 9145 m | 30000 ft |
| Range w/max.payload | 2945 km | 1830 miles |
| Bernie Proctor, bernie.rugy=paradise.net.nz, 10.05.2012 I spet the latter half of my apprenticeship on the Vanguard. I remember the the tests being made following the Lockheed Electra fatigue problems. I understood vibration on take off was due to the prop tips exceeding the speed of sound sometimes causing some inner panels to come adrift being 'velcroed' on | | danny, danthompson1960=yahoo.com.my, 27.09.2011 the first time i ever flew. was on a chartered flght to Lourdes (school holiday) and it was in a vickers vanguard. i absoutley loved it.i have flown many times since, but nothing beats that first experience. i would love to fly in it again. | | Alan Saunders, alansaunders099=googlemail.com, 26.07.2011 I remember at the end of my apprenticeship being involved with the MNA aircraft coming back for their majors. Also seeing the last either being disposed off to Air Bridge or being reduced to spares. The MNA returnees always brought back it's own zoo, which gave options for large homemade spiders being dangled over unsuspecting tradesmen. Brooklands Museum at Weybridge run (or at least last year 2010) run theirs as often as they can. search youtube for videos of its arrival (by air) and subsequent engine runs and open aircraft displays. I never got to fly or be onboard for runs but the Vanguards did their engine runs next to the runway canteen, during those runs it was hard to find something that didn't rattle or vibrate off the tables! On those days lunch was always short. 1971 apprentice intake BAED West Base 761A gang. last of the Vanguards and Trident Mods/Rib 5 repair 1975-1980. ALS | | Roger Carvell, roger.carvell=gmail.com, 27.06.2011 I can remember the early BEA Vanguards, particularly on a Sunday. Why Sunday?. That was the day one would arrive over a sleepy RAF Manston in Kent, where I lived at the time in 1961. Each Sunday a BEA Vanguard (or a Comet 4B or Argosy) would perform countless circuits and bumps while undergoing crew-training. The aircraft came from Heathrow or Stansted (BEA's Vanguard training base). My father was a warrant officer in the RAF and he worked in the control tower at Manston. One Sunday he took me and my younger brother out onto the airfield to watch a Vanguard standing on the runway while the trainee crew went about their check lists. It WAS impressive, the big 'red square' BEA logos I recall well, and the din of the four Rolls-Royce Tynes was memorable and very exciting. Another very good British airliner, often derided at the time as being too late for the airline market, but nevertheless an airliner that spearheaded standby, cheap fares for all. So the Vanguard vibrated a lot but it was very economical. The perfect airliner has never been built. The Vanguard would not look out of place today at any airport with new powerplants. Best wishes, Roger Carvell, Hitchin, UK | | Dave Eustace, davidalways7=hotmail.com, 16.05.2011 My Sister and I flew from then Malton International Airport now Pearson International near Toronto to London in a Vanguard Turboprop in 1961.I was 7 years old my Sister 8 and our Father gave an older Gentleman some money at the Airport to keep a "Weather Eye' on us and he booked a seat beside us and I remember he drank from a hip flask all the way.The Flight took 11 hours and I believe it was direct i can`t remember a stop.I do remember it was very noisy especially on takeoff.We flew back from London to Toronto in 1963 on a BOAC Vanguard or it may have been a jet aircraft.i remember the BOAC Stewardesses made a great fuss of my Sister and I,we visited the cockpit,were given BOAC juniour flight books with mileage and altitude and BOAC Juniour wings .In the juniour flight book there are pictures of the Viscount and Vanguard and write ups and I have kept these momentos to this day. | | webber, barclayone=aol.com, 27.11.2010 Passenger in early 70's flt from Montreal-Quecec City and ret.Loved all the room but the occasional vibration that ran the length of the cabin periodically caused one to wonder a bit. Thus I felt more secure in the Viscount. | | valter, battvtr=tiscali.it, 02.09.2010 I flew a Vanguard from Alghero (Sardinia) to London Heathrow on September 1962. It was my first travel abroad. Beautiful airplane. | | Verdun, mail=verdunluck.com, 10.03.2010 Robert – Sorry it took so long to get back. The Vanguards flying controls were all manual with the only assistance being through spring tabs. The controls were unlocked and a control check carried out when lined up on the runway and locked after landing while the speed was above 85 knots (any slower ran the risk of the controls thrashing about with the engines at ground idle. Your question about propeller pitch (not infinitely variable, more correctly continuously variable between finite limits) is interesting. The engine control was described as “Single Lever Control”, this in spite of the fact that there were 12 levers controlling the engines. However each throttle lever did have a complex operation. In the flight range moving the throttle forward gave more power from the engine and a higher prop RPM from the propeller control unit (PCU), in effect combining the functions of throttle and propeller lever. The fuel control unit (FCU) controlled power and the PCU controlled LP RPM. When the throttle was moved into the ground range (amid a lot of locks and guards being moved) it controlled blade angle and the FCU kept the engine at idle. When the throttle was moved below ground idle into the reverse range (rarely used) the blade angle was still controlled by the lever and the LP RPM started to increase and was controlled by the FCU. As far as propeller stops were concerned I seem to remember there were 7, all automatic. They were: Course Pitch (feather) Stop Reverse Pitch Stop Overspeed Stop Flight Fine Pitch Stop Beta Follow Up Stop And two I can’t remember! On the course we were told that only De Havilland and God knew how it works. I guess now that De Havilland no longer exist only He knows. V | | Jack Shaw, kay.walpole=autotrader.co.uk, 25.12.2009 I'm sat here with my grandad who worked on these planes in 1958, keen to hear from anyone else who also worked in these times. He also worked on the VC10 | | pankaj, suntush_gupta=rediffmail.com, 05.11.2009 First, is the Lion Vanguard on Vickers an Airbus ? Second, in terms of fuel efficiency how do you compare the RR Tyne 512 with RR Double Mamba and lastly with OKB 1 design KU-NK-12MA. suntush_gupta@rediffmail.com | | Geoff, boeing737=internode.on.net, 26.08.2009 What a fantastic aircraft. As a kid I flew on it many times on the London-Belfast route. This included both Nutts Corner and Aldergrove airports in NI. Most of the flights were late at night (off peak and cheap I guess). I was mesmorised by the start up and mesmorised by the sound of those RR Tyne turboprops. The large oval windows were brilliant. The best airliner ever! | | Mike Nicholls, miken5000=yahoo.co.uk, 04.08.2009 My very first flight ever was at the age of 13, I flew from Heathrow to Gibraltar in July 1965. My main memories of the flight were flying over spain watching its shadow pass over the countryside, of the landing into Gibraltar over the beach ( r/w 27 )and of the ensuing temporary deafness in my ears - and, least I forget, my first glass of coke! | | mike green, 22.07.2009 Without doubt the "Vanguard" was one of the handsomest airplanes ever to fly. I would plan my flights around the schedules of the Vanguard just to avoid the noisier Viscount. I think, even now in my latter years, a better looking aircraft has never flown (with a nod of course to the Lockheed Constellaton.) | | mike green, 21.07.2009 Without doubt the "Vanguard" was one of the handsomest airplanes ever to fly. I would plan my flights around the schedules of the Vanguard just to avoid the noisier Viscount. I think, even now in my latter years, a better looking aircraft has never flown (with a nod of course to the Lockheed Constellaton.) | | Robert Allen, allen.aldridge=virgin.net, 02.04.2009 Verdun - I have only just come back to this MB and am fascinated at your experience in handling the Vanguard. I am also surprised that such a large aircraft offered no power assistance to the pilot! I know a few take offs in which I was a passenger were made 'on the roll' and perhaps this was due to the practice being less muscularly demanding on the pilot. I also understand that propeller pitch was an infinitely variable option i.e. no click stops, so how did you determine actual blade angle for any given mode of flight? Were the pitch controls located on the throttle pedestal? | | Ian Cartledge, icartledge=yahoo., 16.03.2009 I remember flying from Heathrow to Gibralter on the Vangaurd when I was young and about 1/3 way through the flight the Captain announced that he had to switch an engine off, which I was sitting next to, and so I then watched it free-spinning in the wind throughout the whole flight. We still carried on our flight to Gibralter with no panic or worry, the Captain just announced that we would be delayed slightly. What a great plane! | | Chris, cdugclassical=yahoo.ca, 18.02.2009 I flew to Bermuda with Air Canada in 1968 from Montreal in a Vangard aircraft, and as we descended for landing, the cabin filled with exhaust, and the stewardesses ran to the back in a panic, one saying to the other "they can't ee out of the cockpit window" - something that was not guaranteed to instill confidence over the deep ocean below us! We dropped sharply, landed safely, but we reeked of fuel and never really knew what had happened. A friend in this plane, who was to fly on to Barbados in the same aircraft told me that they subsituted another Vanguard for the second leg, and they had exactly the same situation upon landing. Can anyone explain what was happening there, and if it was a particular problem with this aircraft? Many thanks. | | s.debattista, debattista.s=fsmail.net, 28.12.2008 I remember flying on this aircraft to malta in the early 60's as a child. Although it seemed to take much longer to fly this route than the present airbus, the vanguard with its roomy cabin, large oval windows and lower flying ceiling was a was a much more pleasent flying experience...or is my view coloured by nostalgia ??? | | SpartanCanuck, borrtv=yahoo.com, 23.10.2008 When dismissing the capabilities of the turboprop, A319 vs Vanguard isn't exactly a fair comparison. Modern materials science and engineering vs 1960 is NATURALLY going to make the A319 the winner.
W F Wendt has a point. Perhaps it wasn't the case a year ago, but thanks to the high price of fuel, turboprops ARE making something of a comeback as I type this. I point to increased sales of the ATR-72 and the DHC-8/Q400 as of late in the regional feedliner market. Horizon Air has had such good results using the Q400 on traditionally jet runs that they will actually converted all of their standing CRJ orders to Q400's, and will be going to an all Q400 fleet.
Now, I'm sure the A319 handily blows the Q400 away on the long haul, but with the Q400's speed, rate of climb, and lower ideal cruising altitude, a jet isn't going to have any appreciable performance advantage at ranges less than 400 miles. Horizon will actually be using it for runs somewhat longer than that. Meanwhile, depending upon airfare and seating configuration (and the price of JP4 this week), the Q400 is also able to turn a profit with load factors of somewhere around 50%, which is pretty nice compared to the competing 70-80 passenger RJ's.
Admittedly, it remains to be seen wether such an advantage would scale well to the 120 passenger narrow-body range of the market. I don't personally figure we'll be seeing the likes of the Vanguard and the Britannia rising from the ashes anytime soon. | | johann gudjonsson, Johann G.Fron=tiscali.com, 02.10.2008 This was a VERY FINE A/C,but,late and overtaken by general aviation events;possibly by being built TOO closely to just one airlines(BEA's)specificaton. However ,this talk of Airbus Ind.products being better/superior is,candidly,arrant drivel ! All airbus products,but dint of the FBW flight priciple are DEATH TRAPS.Besides which,Airbus is,simply,Sud Aviation "in drag" |
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