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It would take rather more than a Solomon to judge which was the best of the fighter aircraft used by the combatant nations during World War II. But as it is virtually impossible to arrive at a fair basis of comparison - having regard to a number of variables - it is safe to say that the Bf 109 (designed by Willy Messerschmitt) was not only one of the great fighter aircraft of the war, but almost certainly the most famous of all German aircraft ever built. If numbers constructed was the criterion, it would have been in first or second place, for it has been estimated that about 35,000 were built, which is not far short of the total production figure estimated for Russia's Ilyushin IL-2 Shturmovik.
Design of the Bf 109 was initiated by Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in late 1933, following issue by the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) of a specification for a monoplane fighter to replace the Arado Ar 68 and Heinkel He 51 in Luftwaffe service. The need was not then urgent, but the RLM believed that by competitive evaluation and with reasonable time available for development, they would have a worthwhile fighter when the moment came for it to enter operational service. Submissions were made by Arado, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, Focke-Wulf and Heinkel: those of the second and last companies were selected for construction and evaluation, with each initially to build ten examples. Heinkel's He 112 was the first to fly (in the summer of 1935) but it was the Bf 109 (first flown in mid-September 1935) that was to be built in very large numbers. Strangely both of these prototypes made their first flight under the power of a Rolls-Royce Kestrel in-line engine, as the Junkers Jumo 210 in-line engine - around which both had been designed- was not available in time.
First production version to enter service with the Luftwaffe was the Bf 109B-1 powered by a 473.2kW Jumo 210D engine, followed by the 109B-2 with a 477kW Jumo 210E and later with a 499kW Jumo 210G. A single-seat fighter of all-metal construction, the Bf 109 was a cantilever low-wing monoplane, the wing having automatic leading-edge slots, large slotted trailing-edge flaps, and ailerons which drooped when the flaps were right down. The main landing-gear units were retractable but most versions had a non-retractable tailwheel. The tail unit was conventional, but the tailplane was braced by struts until a tailplane of cantilever structure was introduced with the Bf 109F.
Bf 109B-2 and variants of the Bf 109C were flown by the Condor Legion in the Spanish Civil War. The Daimler-Benz DB 600 engine was introduced in the Bf 109D version: more than 200 of these being in service with the Luftwaffe at the outbreak of war. It was followed into service by the Bf 109E with 820kW DB 601A engine. In addition to production for the Luftwaffe, some 300 examples of this type were exported. The Bf 109E was the principal version
used in the Battle of Britain and was followed by the Bf 109F with an 894.2kW DB 601N or 969kW DB 601E engine. Considered to represent the peak of development of this superb aeroplane, the Bf 109F had much cleaner aerodynamic lines, introducing the unbraced tailplane and retractable tailwheel.
Most extensively built version was the Bf 109G which was inferior in performance to the version which had preceded it, although introducing a more powerful Daimler-Benz engine. Despite the effects of strategic bombing by the Allies, Bf 109G were still being produced in very large numbers right up to the end of hostilities in Europe. Last versions to see limited use were the increased-span Bf 109H and a refined version of the Bf 109G, designated Bf 109K. Production of the Bf 109 continued in Czechoslovakia and Spain during early post-war years, and some Czech-built S-99 were used in a training role until 1957.
| MODEL | Bf 109G-6 |
| CREW | 1 |
| ENGINE | 1 x Deimler Benz DB 605AM, 1342kW |
| WEIGHTS |
| Take-off weight | 3150 kg | 6945 lb |
| DIMENSIONS |
| Wingspan | 9.92 m | 33 ft 7 in |
| Length | 9.02 m | 30 ft 7 in |
| Height | 3.40 m | 11 ft 2 in |
| Wing area | 16.05 m2 | 172.76 sq ft |
| PERFORMANCE |
| Max. speed | 621 km/h | 386 mph |
| Ceiling | 11750 m | 38550 ft |
| Range | 720 km | 447 miles |
| ARMAMENT | 2 x 13mm machine-guns, 3 x 20mm cannons |
 | A three-view drawing (1680 x 1143) |
| Jagtai, 11.03.2010 The Bf 109 always reminds of a striking harrier - fast and deadly. I love the look of this fighter. | | Cole, poophead(@)msn.com, 08.03.2010 the me-109 could reach the speed 0f 1000mph | | Cole, poophead(@)msn.com, 08.03.2010 Steven it was 1986 not 1977! | | Cole, poophead(@)msn.com, 08.03.2010 d-jay you are toatally WRONG!!! | | Cole, poophead(@)msn.com, 08.03.2010 uitgtryytutuguyftdytruyftfdtyrytrtyryygyhfghftyrtydtyfjjjftjtjjtyrjyrtdtretytytytyrueyr | | d.jay, 04.12.2009 By 1945 a shortage of aircraft metals ment that the tails of 109s were made of wood, thats why thier is a braced tail plane on the 3 view drawing. | | Barry, 25.11.2009 The "enlarged" 3 view drawing is of a B or C model powered by a Jumo engine. The smaller 3 view drawing is a later model, identified by the rounded wing tips, possibly a "G" but the braced tail plane is a mystery. Just for the record Gus it is an Emil not an Emily. | | paul scott, psmiddx(@)yahoo.com, 15.10.2009 A fine aircraft, I prefer the snub-nosed 'Emil' types though, like the spitfire and the mustang, they had a classic look about them. Also, love that 30mm cannon in the nose! | | Ronald, toolkeeper123(@)roadrunner.com, 30.08.2009 Red-line dive for the Bf 109 was 564 mph. 380 turn time was 20.5 seconds for the F-4; 21 for the G-2; and about 23 with wing boots. | | Ronald, toolkeeper123(@)roadrunner.com, 24.08.2009 Terminal dive was 572 mph for the F-4. That is the tail was reinforced for this rating. Of course the F-4 was test flown up to 609 mph but test pilots are not the same as service pilots. Likewise the 109G model reached 594 mph test flown. | | Frank Riley, pointed(@)earthlink.net, 13.08.2009 Sorry about my typo in the last comment, I was trying to say supports that go from the frame/body to the rear horizontal/ wing stabilizers. I think most 109 models before the F had them. I am seeing G-6 models (models and drawings) with these supports added (Hartmann G-6) did this actually take place and some G-6 models had them added. Email me with links and reasons for this is it an error or true. | | Frank Riley, pointed(@)earthlink.net, 13.08.2009 I have noticed some models and drawings showing the Me-109G-6 with horizontal stabilizer (rear horizontal tail wings) with the supports that go from the body the the horizontal stabilizers/wings like the earlier 109 aircraft like the E variant. Can someone explain when this was actually done or is it a mistake in the models and drawings. Please email me and let me know. pointed@earthlink.net | | Leo Rudnicki, leo_rudnicki(@)hotmail.com, 22.06.2009 The statistics themselves are fairly pointless without factors such as speed, load, and altitude. Comparison requires that performance of both side's representative aircraft be revealed as in American Zero testing, one on one against US fighters. Finally, some experte pilots operated 109's in a fashion which seemed to defy statistics. You can tell who they were by their scores. Same for elite soviet aces. | | Ronald, toolkeeper123(@)roadrunner.com, 22.06.2009 Time to turn a circle for the Emil was typically 25 seconds. The redesigned 109F-2 had no 20-mm cannon like the Emil, just a hub 15-mm to go with the twin cowl light MG-17s. So that may help account for a quicker time of 18 seconds. The Russians clocked a Bf 109G-2/R6 with under-wing 20-mm cannon boots at 22.6 seconds per full circle turn. If anyone finds more data like this, I'm interested to see it. | | masha, massapetr(at)seznam.cz, 11.06.2009 An Israeli person: It was S-199, czechoslovak figter, which fought for your freedom, you should know this, same as the fact, that those Spitfires were czechoslovak LF Mk.IXe. They were all sent to Israel, except one piece- Ser. No. TE 565, (NN-N) from the former No.310 fighter squadron, RAF. This airplane crashed lightly during take-of and remained the only ex RAF Spitfire in Czechoslovakia, being now the No.1 piece in the collection of the Kbely air force museum in Prague | | Lucas Elder, lucaseldernz(@)gmail.com, 02.06.2009 the three way drawing is of a Bf-109H high altitude variant as can be seen by the lengthened wing area at the roots. but after clicking on it it is a D variants. | | leo rudnicki, leo_rudnicki\"hotmail.com, 09.04.2009 Marseille was a master of deflection shooting, using only a handful of bullets per target, and dutifully recording the time of his kill. Hartmann, the Blond Knight, was shot down 18 times, I think. He went in close for the shot and it worked for him. The negative G bunt was a tactic devised against RAF aircraft and Bob Johnson, flying a P47,found it amazing that it was so easy to shoot down 109`s using this tactic against the Jug. Zeros also cut out at negative G so the noseover would work against it. 30mm MK108 cannons didn`t fit in the wing but were hung underneath in gondolas. There were bomber destroyer 109`s with heavy armor and armament as well as escort 109`s to protect the bomber destroyers from fighters. Nitrous and methonol injection versions made it impossible to define the performance and handling of the 109G variants in easy numbers. Taking off in a 109 was dangerous for student pilots due to torque and canted narrow track undercarriage. | | josh, 23.03.2009 does anyone have a 109 engine im restoring one prvetly | | Kenneth Lee, poopologist96(@)gmail.com, 02.03.2009 QUOTE/Jerry Mancisidor, jerry_mancisidor(@)hotmail.com, 29.01.2009 Just wanted to clarify that pilot Hans Joachim Marseille died when bailing out from his new Bf-109 F-4 after experiencing engine trouble. He was on a patrol flight and did not encounter enemy fighters to engage on that day, then his engine made a strange noise and started overheating. He was going to bail out, but was still over Britain held territory, so his comrades urged and requested him to resist a couple more minutes untill arriving to German held territory. When arriving to German side, but blinded by smoke, he did not realized that his bail-by-roll-out operation was not performed horizontally, but inclined. This situation caused that he was hit by the rudder of his -109, knocking him unconscious, and avoiding him to open his parachute. He died when hitting the ground, and a deep injury was found on his chest, presumably caused by the rudder.
When he died, in Sept. 1942, his personal account was at 158 downed planes.
Hoped it help clarifying this point.
Very kindly, Jerry Mancisidor/QUOTE
I recall Marseille's last flight occurred in a new Bf 109G-2, not Bf 109F-4, and that this incident was an example of engine problems encountered in the new Bf 109G-series. | | Jerry Mancisidor, jerry_mancisidor(@)hotmail.com, 29.01.2009 Just wanted to clarify that pilot Hans Joachim Marseille died when bailing out from his new Bf-109 F-4 after experiencing engine trouble. He was on a patrol flight and did not encounter enemy fighters to engage on that day, then his engine made a strange noise and started overheating. He was going to bail out, but was still over Britain held territory, so his comrades urged and requested him to resist a couple more minutes untill arriving to German held territory. When arriving to German side, but blinded by smoke, he did not realized that his bail-by-roll-out operation was not performed horizontally, but inclined. This situation caused that he was hit by the rudder of his -109, knocking him unconscious, and avoiding him to open his parachute. He died when hitting the ground, and a deep injury was found on his chest, presumably caused by the rudder.
When he died, in Sept. 1942, his personal account was at 158 downed planes.
Hoped it help clarifying this point.
Very kindly, Jerry Mancisidor | | bao, bao_b2_15(@)yahoo.com, 06.01.2009 the pilot Hans Joanchim Marseille flew Bf 109F-4 trop and he shoot down 106 enemy plane before his dead in one dogfighting between bf 109 and p51 mustang | | Gus, ga.pelopincho(@)gmail.com, 02.01.2009 Three view belongs to a much older version, a C or D... Look at the squared wing tips, and the sharp nose! Not even an Emily, look at the radiator under the cowling! | | Rick, goalpa(@)gmail.com, 03.12.2008 Because of the oval shaped panels on the top of the wings, I believe the three view drawing is of the 109K-14 version which had two 30mm cannon mounted internally in the wings. | | Geir J. Valla, geir.valla(@)monet.no, 31.10.2008 Hello 1 I`am working with the Mauser 151/20 machine cannon for a ME 109. Do anyone have a manual over the gun-system for this aircraft ? | | TW, mmaerz2(@)web.de, 16.10.2008 World speed record: The Heinkel 100 record plane was quite close to the serial one, except for the engine. On contrary the Me 209 record plane was only designed to get the record. Different canopy, different wing. Cooling was provided by a water tank (!), because Messerschmidt (like Heinkel) faced problems with the surface cooling. A serial He 100 using a DB 601 (!) would have had an estimated top speed of 675 km/h, almost 100 km faster than the Bf 109 E. E Udet claimed that "we will win the war with the 80 km slower 109". Interestingly, the He 100 was sold to Japan and Soviet Union. Neither country implemented the surface cooling in a plane. | | Ronald, toolkeeper123(@)adelphia.net, 21.09.2008 Always good as a point defense interceptor, it didn't shine so well as an escort in the Battle of Brittain with it's modest range (can you imagine a squadron of Zeros lending a hand like the Italian Macchis did? I guess they were too occupied with China at the time). Even till the end the 109 remained among the shortest range fighters. However it was also always among the fastest climbing too. It could bunt into a negative 'g' dive and escape in the early war years due to fuel injection leaving Spits and Yaks in the dust. Speeds were reportedly survived up to 570 mph but much over 440 was not recommended due to such heavy controls (this high speed stiffness was so of both the Bf 109 and the A6M Zero, the principal 2 Axis fighters, during the whole war). When this advantage was finally countered by heavy US fighters, it could switch to slow horizontal turns close-in and out-dogfight them (unless it had those wing-cannon boots). Stall recovery was much superior to the Fw 190. The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was the mount of so many of the world's leading aces. Like Erich Hartmann with 352 kills in just the last 2 years of the war - when his foes had the upper hand. The Bf 109K-4 version had the twin cowl 13mm MGs upgraded to 15mm MG151 Mauser cannons and the MK108 30mm hub cannon overcoming it's tendency to jam or the slower but more powerful MK103 30mm. 4823 ft/min. was the initial climb rate and level speeds of 452 mph were reached in the Kurfurst. But at high altitudes handling could get squirrelly at such speeds. Endurance even with drop tanks was within 700 miles. Landing accidents was another huge drawback. The wartime production was upwards of 30,000 (perhaps 35 or 36,000 counting postwar) - impressive considering the bomber raids on the factories. One of the greatest fighters of WW2! | | Sgt.KAR98, 03.06.2008 I thought the same thing at the beginning,but there´s a czech Bf-109 copy,and this one was used by IAF. http://www.aviastar.org/air/czech/avia_s-199.php | | Wayne Berge, bergewd(@)comcast.net, 10.05.2008 I believe this aircraft took the World speed record away from The Heinkel 100 about 2 weeks after the Heinkel set the record. The Bf109 was about 10 KPH faster. The Heinkel was actually designed to replace the bf109 but after the 109 won the International speed record, the Luftwaffe kept the bf 109 for operational service. | | eric.touratier, touratier.eric(@)euf.fr, 24.02.2008 what is the version of this three view drawing especially the wing ?? | | calum morris, calum_94(@)hotmail.com, 08.02.2008 the BF109Z hasnt been mentioned, a bit tike the twin mustang but with a 109, i think a few were built but not many. | | An Israeli Person, nimiz2(@)walla.co.il, 17.01.2008 the war was in 1948 + it was the first line for "almost" half a year. during that time almost all of them were shoot down or crashed, they were replaced with British Spitfires | | G Davis, yudanshikai1(@)yahoo.com, 11.09.2007 My wifes Grandfather Erhardt Schneider flew with the famous JG-52 Staffel 7 under Erich Hartman in a BF109G-6. He ended His flight career with 127 kills mostly over the Eastern front. He said the Bf109 always brought him back, handled like a dream and the tough Sturmovics were the biggest challenges he faced like shooting a wildswine with a bb gun.He went to work for Lufthansa later after the war. | | Janne, tthh(@)netti.fi, 28.08.2007 Max.speed for this BF 109g-6 is 640km/h. the number above is for g-6/r-6, which has two extra 20 mm cannons housed under wings. | | Tim, pbthhh(@)hotmail.com, 08.08.2007 Ironically, the 109 was also the first-line fighter of the fledgling Israeli Air Force when the Palastine Mandate ended in 1947 and the War of Independence took place. | | STEVEN, ben-sons(@)cbn.net.id, 29.04.2007 DID YOU KNOW THE LAST BF 109 WERE RETIRED FROM THE MILITARY SERVICES IN 1977, THE AIRCRAFT WAS THE SPANISH BF 109 ( HISPANO HA 1112 BUCHON ) |
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