Northrop T-38 Talon
1959
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Northrop T-38 Talon

To meet a US government requirement for a high-performance lightweight fighter that would be suitable for supply to and operation by friendly nations via the Military Assistance Program, Northrop began the private-venture design of such an aircraft in the mid-1950s, identifying it as the Northrop N-156. This initial design concept was to form the basis of a family of aircraft, including a supersonic trainer which had the company designation N-156T. Three YT-38 prototypes were ordered in December 1956, this number being increased to six in June 1958, and the first of them was flown on 10 April 1959. Cantilever lowwing monoplanes with slender arearuled fuselages, the first two prototypes were each powered by two 953kg thrust non-afterburning General Electric YJ85-GE-1 turbojets, but the remainder of this first batch had YJ85-GE-5 engines with an afterburning thrust of 1633kg. Testing with these latter engines resulted in an initial contract for the T-38A Talon, the first of them entering service with the USAF's 3510th Flying Training Wing, at Randolph AFB, on 17 March 1961. The Talon, which seats instructor and pupil in tandem on ejection seats and has a fully powered control system, has gained one of the best safety records of any supersonic aircraft in USAF service. As a result, when production ended in early 1972 a total of 1,187 T-38s had been built for the USAF. The US Navy acquired five from the USAF, and three of these remain in service with the Test Pilots School at Patuxent River. Also supplied through the USAF and operated by the German Luftwaffe were 46 used for pilot training in the US. Only export customer was Portugal who received two batches of six Sidewinder-equipped ex-USAF aircraft in 1977 and 1981 to replace F-86 Sabres used in the dedicated air defence role but doubling as advanced pilot trainers. NASA also acquired a number from Northrop, using them as flight-readiness trainers for astronauts. The designations AT-38A and NT-38A were allocated to two T-38As following their conversion for evaluation as an attack trainer and research/ development aircraft respectively. Four of the US Navy's T-38s converted to serve as drone directors were redesignated DT-38A. The AT 38B is a lightly armed version serving in the Lead-in Fighter Training role at Holloman AFB, New Mexico. Some 700 of these aircraft remain in service in 1992.


Specification 
 ENGINE2 x 1745kg afterburning thrust General Electric tubojets
 WEIGHTS
    Take-off weight5485 kg12092 lb
    Empty weight3250 kg7165 lb
 DIMENSIONS
    Wingspan7.7 m25 ft 3 in
    Length14.14 m46 ft 5 in
    Height3.92 m12 ft 10 in
    Wing area15.79 m2169.96 sq ft
 PERFORMANCE
    Max. speed1381 km/h858 mph
    Ceiling16335 m53600 ft
    Range w/max.fuel1759 km1093 miles

Comments 
Ben Thurston, batatcret(@)bellsouth.net, 18.08.2008

On October 3rd, 1973, I had the pleasure of flying a T-38 14072 at SEM (Craig AFB). This was an orientation ride for Air Traffic Controllers working the intensive jet training area in Atlanta ARTC Center. On this date, we did acrobatics, stalls, and exceeded the speed of sound.

CAPT MARQUA, RPMARQUA(@)YAHOO.COM, 14.08.2008

DO NOT PUT INTO SPIN. IT WILL PIN YOU.

Troy, troyzadude69(@)hotmail.com, 16.06.2008

I've seen several pictures of Talons loaded with Minigun pods (centreline pylon), yet, for every specification I've read, they've said no armament carried. Could these be examples of the AT-38B Lead-In Fighter trainer?

Roger Moore, RV4DRVR(@)aol.com, 14.06.2008

Flew the T38 at Webb AFB in 1964. Says alot about a design you can put a pilot in with 120 hours total flying time and have it be a safe ride. I also heard it's the first aircraft delivered on time and below cost to the USAF.

Paul Snyder, psnyder351(@)aol.com, 02.06.2008

I worked on the T-38 at Holloman N.M. as a Phase inspection supervisor.Civil Service.These birds were put thru some rough flying hours in the lead in fighter training program. A very reliable Acft.A reduction in force (RIF ) took me to Patrick A.F.B. working in Transient Alert supporting NASA T-38"s flown by Astronauts , Crippen, Musgrave, Bolten,and many more of the leaders in the Space Shuttle Program. Oh, I downloaded many golf clubs from travel pods.Great Acft.

Jon Shafer, starter13(@)comcast.net, 15.05.2008

I was a T Bird and T-37 instructor at Vance AFB in Enid Oklahoma. I had about 1000 Hrs flying time when selected to fly T-38 and head up the aircraft engineering section in the academic training department.

The T-38 was easy and a joy to fly. It was safe and reliable. It could demonstrate every aerodynamic characteristic a pilot needed to know: Rudder roll, dutch roll, PIO's, Flying behind the power curve, supersonic flight (technically trans-sonic), Supersonic formation flying. The one thing we didn't demonstrate were spins. The T-38 had to be forced into a spin and that was non recoverable. I legislated for an angle of attack indicator the entire time I flew the airplane. It wasn't until I had been out of the Air Force for several years before the powers to be agreed that we needed the AOA. Of course, Edwards had them all along.

Landing the T-38 was easy. All you had to know was an accurate picture of the traffic pattern to touch down along with altitude, airspeed, and vertical velocity for each key point in the pattern. For example: Traffic pattern 1500 feet, speed 280 Knots. Pitch out over end of runway (adjusted for wind)reduce power approximately 5%. Down wind (compensate for cross wind by rolling out early or late). Below 240 Knots on down wind, lower gear reduce power slightly while starting turn to final, lower flaps descending at about 500 FPM and 175 Knots Plus allowance for fuel. Roll out on final approach 500 FT above ground, one mile from end of run way. Maintain 155 Knots plus fuel allowance on final. Maintain the proper picture and adjust power to keep airspeed where it should be. Touch down was nose high (higher than T-33 or T-37) with gentle flair beginning at about 30-40 FT which reduced rate of descent to touch down. Cross wind landings were a "piece of cake". Crab into wind and kick rudder just before touch down to align the nose. The official version was "wing low rudder to keep the nose aligned". This techniqued caused you to land on one wheel which caused undue tire ware.

Up to that point the T-38 was the only training aircraft where you could gain altitude while practicing acrobatics.

It was a fabulous formation flyer because of its variable nozzle afterburner. Whenever you needed a little extra power when you were already at full military power, it was always there.

Instrument flying was also a "piece of cake". The aircraft had an ADI system with pitch and banks steering bars on the attitude indicator for ILS approaches. It was TACAN equipped with what was called a Horizontal Situation Indicator. You always knew where you were.

In all round flying if you literally followed the book, you would never find yourself in a dangerous situation.

T-38 had one draw back. When we flew cross countries there was no space for clothing and golf clubs. That was later solved by the addition of a removeable travel pod.

Thomas H. Groff, thomas.groff(@)agiecharmilles.us, 08.12.2007

Where can I get a good 3 view of the T-38. I would like to design a scale down home project for this aircraft useing 2 360 lbs trust engines. The top speed should be around 320 MPH with a range of about 800 miles.

Do you have any comments about this aircraft ?

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