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| The first studies on helicopters were well in advance of the first airplanes. Leonardo da Vinci is credited with having first thought of a machine for vertical flight, the "airscrew," the design for which, dated 1493, was only discovered in the 19th century. It consisted of a platform surmounted by a helical screw driven by a somewhat rudimentary system, not unlike that of rubber-powered model aircraft. The great Tuscan genius wrote that if this instrument in the form of a screw were well made of linen, the pores of which had been stopped with starch, it should, upon being turned sharply, rise into the air in a spiral. However his design was never put to any practical use. G.Apostolo "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters", 1984
Just how Leonardo came to think of the helicopter flying principle is not quite clear. In view of his enormous mental powers, it is conceivable that this could have welled up from his own creative pools of genius. Of course the possibility of his having come in contact with the Chinese top either through his widespread reading or contact with travelers must also be considered. However this may have been, the fact remains that this great Italian designed and built models of the first helicopters intended for human flight.
One of the first of Leonardo's helicopter designs called for a shallow saucer-like gondola on which two upright posts were attached. Each of the posts carried a double set of wings. By means of a rather complicated system of cords, cylinders, and foot pedals, the pilot set the wings in motion with movements of his feet, hands, and head! Alas, the poor flyer, if he suddenly developed a cramp in his leg!
The wings of this craft were not of the flapping variety, but rather they moved in a horizontal plane, criss-crossing one another. This motion compressed the air between the wings and gave the craft lift. Leonardo provided his helicopter with a landing gear in the form of a pair of ladders about twenty-four feet long. These were intended not only to help the take-offs but also to cushion the craft when it landed. During flight they were supposed to be hauled into the gondola or fuselage.
Unlike many inventors, Leonardo was not above feeling that perhaps, should his helicopter ever reach the flying stage, an accident might occur. Therefore, along with a description of his craft, he also included the very wise suggestion that during the helicopter's test flight, the pilot fly it over water. In the event of an accident, he would thus be tumbled onto this yielding surface and unharmed.
While speaking of Leonardo's caution about flying, it is interesting to note that in connection with his helicopter studies he also devised what was perhaps the world's first parachute. The Italian genius was quite optimistic about his life-saving device; he showed this when he said, "If a man have a tent roof of caulked linen 24 feet broad and 24 feet high, he will be able to let himself fall from any great height without danger to himself."
The helicopter experiments also led Leonardo to design what many believe to be the first airplane instrument. This was a pendulum device that hung within a glass ring. "This ball within the ring will enable you to guide the apparatus straight ahead or aslant as you wish."
Craving perfection in all that he did, Leonardo soon began to feel unhappy with his first helicopter models. One of the major causes of his dissatisfaction was the manner of powering his flying machine. He came to the conclusion—one that was to profoundly affect aircraft experiments in the years ahead — that mechanical rather than human power must be used before a successful flying machine could be built.
With this thought in mind, he undertook some new experiments before designing a different model helicopter. Standing in the center of his studio one day, he took a large, thin ruler and swung it in rapid circles above his head. He felt a distinctive upward pull on his arm. From this he reasoned that it he could build a flying machine having a rapidly rotating wing above it— powered by mechanical means—he would achieve a successful aircraft. Leonardo proceeded to build a model of his new helicopter design, powering it with a spring motor.
Many of the helicopter models which he built are said to have taken to the air successfully. It is quite likely they were fashioned along the lines of those using a coiled spring for a motor. These craft had a wing-like rotor for rising into the air.
Among the last of the helicopter models designed by Leonardo was one which had the appearance of an artificial Christmas tree. More important to the great Italian, it is the design which historians say made him the partial originator of the word "helicopter." He described the craft with a good deal of confidence in its flying ability. "I say that this instrument made with a helix and is well made, that is to say, of flaxed linen of which one has closed the pores with starch and is turned with a great speed, the said helix is able to make a screw in the air and to climb high."
The helix he mentions is a Greek word meaning "spiral" or "twist." This was combined later with another Greek word, pteron, meaning "wing." In still later years through much usage, the words were fused in such a manner that the term "helicopter" came to be born.
As in his many other fields of endeavor, Leonardo da Vinci left his imprint on the very infant subject of aeronautics. By his work with ornithopters and helicopter models he is said to have begun the first sound experiments in search of a practical heavier-than-air flying machine. Leonardo was strongly convinced that if man were to accomplish his long desired goal of traveling in the sky above him, it would be by a flying machine based on the principle of the helicopter. A little more than two hundred years were to pass before Leonardo's ideas on flying machines were to be picked up and carried forward by a whole host of helicopter experimenters. Alas for this band of aeronautical pioneers, man's first ascent into the sky was made by an entirely different type of aircraft, the hot-air balloon. Frank Ross Jr. "Flying Windmills", 1953
| marie jazzie, imastupidslut(@)fuckme.com, 08.02.2010 horrible picture. horrible man | | mystery, 05.02.2010 i dont know | | Jazzie Marie, gifted2sing(@)yahoo.com, 05.02.2010 ;Great Pitures!! Great Man! | | Jazzie Marie, gifted2sing(@)yahoo.com, 05.02.2010 ;Great Pitures!! Great Man! | | i have herpes, in my ass(@) up my butt, 05.02.2010 Who the fuck are you people | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 NOT REALLY SKOO DANCES AINT THT FUN ONLY HOMECOMINGS & PROM | | mystery, 04.02.2010 will that sucks | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 IM NOT GOIN ANYWAYS. I ONLY GO TAH HOMECOMINGS AND PROM | | mystery, 04.02.2010 i would ask u 2 the dance but i cant go!?!?!?!?!?!? | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 ITS BORED** | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ | | mystery, 04.02.2010 im boared | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 =] | | mystery, 04.02.2010 lol smily face | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 LOL :) | | mystery, 04.02.2010 i bet i will!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Rook | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 DONT DO IT IF YOU DONT WANT TO, BUT IF U DO THEN I BET U LIKE IT | | mystery, 04.02.2010 ill try it just 4 u | | Y, 04.02.2010 bitches | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 ITS FUN. LOL I LOVE IT | | mystery, 04.02.2010 i dont do that stuff | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 YEP, SHIT SUKS! I KNT WAIT TA GO HOME N SMOKE AH BLUNT LOL. | | mystery, 04.02.2010 same shit different day | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 dOiN MUh WORk WbU? | | mystery, 04.02.2010 what up whore | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 BIGGER BOOBS
( . ) ( . ) | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 8--> | | WHORE, 04.02.2010 (.) (.) | | mystery, 04.02.2010 i think he likes you!? | | whore, 04.02.2010 HATER
HATER
HATER
HATER
HATER
HATER
HATER
HATER | | whore, 04.02.2010 no ur ah bigger slut im jus a lil slut, so ha! | | whore, 04.02.2010 i found the l's!!! slut!! to mystery. find the 3
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88888888888888888888 | | mystery, 04.02.2010 whore is a slut | | mystery, 04.02.2010 i cant find the ls | | japanese jewsish guy.. go christ!, fuckawanka(@)lalaland.com, 28.01.2010 A big part of the renaissance was the arsenal of weapons. They were everywhere. They were used in battles and sports like fencing. They were also used in tournaments. Weapons during the renaissance had many different styles and shapes. Swords were usually presumes heavier that they actually are. One of the most advanced weapons was the giant cross bow that could lunge huge arrows at enemies. There But were even bigger weapons than that, like the barrage cannon. Weapons made big improvements during the renaissance. Weapons were really cool back then. Unlike today weapons aren¡¦t even cool anymore all they have are nukes and shit, its really boring it was cool at first. And the only reason y I am writing this is because I am in detention bored as hell, so hi ever person that reads this ƒº oh and by the way if you actually finish reading this you are a faggot, because this is all nonsense, there was no renaissance, and there is no ¡§detention¡¨ all there is is life, and it is exactly like what that ballzogna guy said, it sucks¡K. Word up man! Oh and fuck all of the mixed breeded people like white Africans and Puerto recan Mexicans or however you spell it, ur all gay | | BALLZOGNA, 28.01.2010 because you all have the same concept of your name, and bitch, you were here first so YOU need to get a life. and while your at if it would help to wash the horse juzz out of your mouth, if u want i can wash it out with mine | | White African, 28.01.2010 Your still on here. Dude get a life, what are you still doing here. And what makes you think that it's one person. IDIOT | | BALLZOGNA, 28.01.2010 hey, ist me again. ur all fuckin gay, i bet you are all the same person too. so you can all go suck some big hary horse balz and swallow the donkey jizz. oh, no i bet you would like that you faggot fuck | | rajen, kulguy_77(@)yahoo.com, 28.01.2010 i saw the picture of his creation but how did it fly | | um, uuumm, 28.01.2010 uuuuuummmmmmm | | Puerto Rican Eskimo, 28.01.2010 Or shit humper lol | | White African, 28.01.2010 Look whos talking, you couldn't even spell retarded right. Your name says it all, or should I say Shit Sniffer. "sniff" "sniff" | | Shit Smoker, 28.01.2010 Alright you guys are retaded. | | Puerto Rican Eskimo, 28.01.2010 I don't even have an ass lol | | Swedish Brazilian, 28.01.2010 You shut up too before I kick both of your asses | | taiwanies black person, 28.01.2010 hey im black | | White African, 28.01.2010 Hey, only I can say that, Im African. Ok Nigger? | | Swedish Brazilian, 28.01.2010 Shut up nigger | | White African, 28.01.2010 Guess who? I'm back. I just want to be a part of this chat.
by the way, I love burritos. | | Swedish Brazilian, 28.01.2010 A faggot, just like you | | Puerto Rican Eskimo, 28.01.2010 I do, but with salmon. Just kidding, that would be disgusting. Hey, whos this ballzogna guy? | | taiwanies black person, 27.01.2010 who likes borritos? | | BALLZOGNA, 27.01.2010 its not the world that sucks, its you, you inbred fuck | | Chinese Mexican, 27.01.2010 Bitch i dont have to have a view of the world, it sucks | | BALLZOGNA, 27.01.2010 if you had my pont of veiw on this world MAYBE I WOULD LET YOU | | Chinese Mexican, 27.01.2010 You no what no!! Let me put my balls on you mister | | BALLZOGNA, 27.01.2010 because the world if a stupid pity faggot in my point of veiw, now let me put my BALLZ ON YA! | | Chinese Mexican, 27.01.2010 what do you mean, why would someone want their balls on them | | BALLZOGNA, 27.01.2010 im hungy, im hungry, im hungry for ballzogna! do you want my.... ballz on ya!? | | black asian, 26.01.2010 they should attach a rocket launcher to it.... | | yuki, gomennosisyuki(@)yahoo.com, 25.01.2010 this is a very helpful wesite for kids who are studying Helicopters essays or need information or are doing an exhibit. | | White African, 15.01.2010 thanks man this is cool, im doing as research paper on Da Vinci, but i want to be playing modern warfare 2 right now | | unik, Monika_queer(@)hotmail.com, 30.12.2009 yheeeeeeeeee leonardooooooooooooo ilove youu...:P:P | | Random, RG56(@)aol.com, 23.12.2009 Heyy. Yeah. GO LEONARDO DA VINCI! :D | | awesomedude, 17.12.2009 whos here man im bored | | suck my ballz, tylertrocks(@)gmail.com, 03.12.2009 R! A! P! E! GET YOUR THINGY OUT OF ME!!!!! IT'S RAPE!!!!!!! | | chaqouya, chaqouyacoleman(@)rocketmail.com, 23.11.2009 you people are retarded writinq them stupid comments...ok get a life.. | | Clothilde rastapopulos, 20.11.2009 Salute le mie amiche !
Come va ?
Va bene ?
Aveva un bambino con Leonardo Da Vinci, o Leonardo Dicaprio, non mi ricordo ><
Ciaaaaooo, per tutti rastapopulos del mondo <33333333 | | Ambra della vera, 20.11.2009 Huuuu vraiment cool ( Y )
TSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
Pourri ! Faite des sites en français un peu >< | | `Nigger, i havent, 18.11.2009 I hate niggers | | hallo, woooooooooooooo, 30.10.2009 hahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahallhhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhahhahahahahahahahahaahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahaahahhah
can you find the ll's
p.s. I cant find the question mark so wooooo | | shay shay, 27.10.2009 this is a ver helpful website whoever did this was a jenius | | .........., ..........., 16.10.2009 some of you stupid idiots need to get a life and maybe a myspace or even a phone to chat on!!!!!!by the way this was a very good organized info. and helped alot!!thank you... | | jenny, LOL(@)cheezburger.com, 13.10.2009 i like my email...
HA
oh ya but this is useful for italian science and tech project in SS | | Hikaru, ishtar.dawe(@)theheights.sa.edu.au, 13.10.2009 OMGs this is so handy for my rocket cargo retrieval system prototype in science. If this works it will help stop my egg from completely breaking! LOL. | | raaawr, 09.10.2009 'elow | | raaawr, 09.10.2009 'elow | | smarty, none!!!!!!!!!!, 20.09.2009 thx! this is rely usful. n u dickhaeds who r postin shit r idiots!!x( so much h/w so litl time
sayonara!!*) | | Mclovin', doesitmatter(@)hotmail.com, 11.09.2009 my teacher sucked my balls bcuz im so good | | Logan, Born4football(@)aol.com, 08.09.2009 this is such a cool helicopter. i would like to know how much would this cost to buy in the US? | | vale, xbowskillz(@)hotmail.com, 07.09.2009 The information was extremely helpful and well put together. | | She Dev, 01.09.2009 this is a very good and helpful site | | Matt, ..., 27.08.2009 This article helped me a lot, thank you to whoever wrote it. :) And I would like to apologize for the idiots who posted below me, this is a very interesting and informative site. | | ashley parham, miss.ashleyparham1(@)yahoo.com, 17.08.2009 they sti8 but i dnt know what the fuck my teacher talking about!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | | Anonyms, 17.08.2009 This doesnt realii qive me the info that i neeed!!! uqh i need to know whatwas his original idea for these inventions wouldve worked. H E L P ME | | jazmyn jone, 17.08.2009 its boring as hell take dis off the intenet | | Amberlinna Johnson, 17.08.2009 Well, this is very borinq!!!! Juss lukin this up for an homework assignment | | HAYYYYYTYT, YOU GATTA FIND OUT MY EMAIL ADRESS YOUR , 24.07.2009 WATCH ADOIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11 | | FRANIE BOYZ, hockeykid11((@))gmail.com,, 24.07.2009 HAYY IM BORED I AM OUT OF HERE SO FAST I COULD KILL A FLY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 | | AMELIA FRANK, BROWNSUGAR(@)HOTMAIL.COM, 24.07.2009 HAYY HI BILLY BOOBY U SOUND LIKE THE COOLSET GUY IN EARTH. DO YOU THINK WE COULD GO OUT ON FRIDAY NOGHT IT WOULD BE A BLAST. IT WOULD BE AN AMELIA FRANK. IT WOULD BE AGAS!!!!!!!!!!!1 WOW I CANNOT WAIT TO SEE YOU ON FRIDAY BYEEEEEEE BILLY BOBBY,,
OS BY THE WAY UR A HOTTIE CAN YOU SEND ME A PIC OF U LMAO!!!!! | | billy bobby, brownsugar(@)hotmail.com, 24.07.2009 HAYY WATS UP. I AM HERE WITH THESE PEOPLE RIGHT AND WE ARE LOOKING UP THINGS ON THE INTERNET. MY NAME IS BILLY BOBBY WAT A KEWL NAMEOOOOOOO. WHAT IS YOUR NAME TELL ME PLS THX. | | billy bobby, brownsugar(@)hotmail.com, 24.07.2009 HAYY WATS UP. I AM HERE WITH THESE PEOPLE RIGHT AND WE ARE LOOKING UP THINGS ON THE INTERNET. MY NAME IS BILLY BOBBY WAT A KEWL NAMEOOOOOOO. WHAT IS YOUR NAME TELL ME PLS THX. | | Brenna, brownsugar(@)hotmail.com, 15.07.2009 I"m back LOL i cannot belive how good looking Leonardo Da Vicni really is LOL
G2G Bye!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | | samsontekleab, samsontekleab(@)yahoo.com, 13.07.2009 dear it is so interesting for me , but on the diagram of the basic design of propeller, i need to know whether the dimensions are in inchs, mm, or other else , thank you for ur help i need ur suggetion bye bye | | Brenna, brownsugar(@)hotmail.com, 12.07.2009 a, back again am so bored and cannot belive i am on this website talking whoever is reading this is wired for reading this LOL man i am so bored G2G again LMAO LOL BYE
BYE BYE BYE BYE BYE BYe LUV U BYe BYE | | Brenna, brownsugar(@)hotmail.com, 12.07.2009 this website is tottally ausome thx so much. kewl am doin an assignement science LOL BORED THX AGAIN G2G
BYE | | wildhckyfan18, hockeykid11(@)gmail.com, 29.06.2009 queers | | rawr138, 10.06.2009 ugh, so many projects so little time. Yo this helped me a lot thanks | | rawr138, 10.06.2009 ugh, so many projects so little time. Yo this helped me a lot thanks | | wotismyname, 10.06.2009 i also wish u luck megs!!!xx | | wotismyname?, 10.06.2009 u guys r totally kl, leo is a kl dude 2 nd he can come round mine soon... i believe u nic...da 1 who has da totally awesome name!!!!!!!xx | | Megs, ?, 09.06.2009 that info is really useful im doing thins as homework for school I have to do a 5 minute presentation and this helps me HEAPS I go to torbay primary school and the whole senior syndicate is doing it ..... Wish me luck;thanks | | sharnon, lilshyness2(@)yahoo.com, 30.05.2009 hey do you people who dont have a life noe how to build it i have to bulid it to graduate | | jhon, people(@)shaw.ca, 29.05.2009 no | | the awesome one, 28.05.2009 You guys have absolutely no life!!! | | daniela1@yahoo.com, danielaalbornozviveros(@)hotmail.com, 25.05.2009 man, this is realy usfull, i'm doi'n a prjct | | jack, jack_of_doom(@)yahoo.com, 15.05.2009 stop making fun of history!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | | kile rin, none, 11.05.2009 suck my dik | | fdffsfsf, safsdfsdfdsf(@)yahoo.com, 10.05.2009 how do u build it | | jhjhhg, hjgjhjhjgh(@)yahoo.com, 10.05.2009 rdgdryrytryryt | | shervdogydogdog, none, 07.05.2009 man i am dong a prject on him and this will help me alot homes. :) ") :O ... | | DefrenFly66, I Don\, 28.04.2009 This is one sweet,you know, like, totally informative and awesome article. It is soooooooooooo cool and Leonardo Da Vinci ROCKS! | | julio, mrs.bowser(@)yahoo.com, 27.04.2009 im doing a research paper on leonardo da vinci and this was a very interesting article XD | | rf, 20.04.2009 rertrduyuo89999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
iuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
uuuu | | j-6ird, jtrap101(@)yahoo.com, 20.04.2009 dat shit is tight | | nic, i have no email address!, 20.04.2009 when did i saw da vinci last time boy. goodbye my mom is calling me right no so sionara if that's how it's spelled! my name is Dniwnk with no joke. no one ever believes me. | | Answer me!!, 16.04.2009 When did he draw it? |
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